in
the exhaust stages. Accordingly much work had been done in the research
department on the behaviour of metals subjected to high steam temperatures.
The
Company was now in a unique position in the manufacture of high
temperature turbine plant, and in 1932 it designed for the Thermo
Technical Institute in Moscow a 24,000-kW 3000-r.p.m. turbine for
1763 p.s.i.g. 932°F, exhausting at 373 p.s.i.g. In 1935 a 54,000-kW
3000-r.p.m. two-axis machine for steam conditions of 1900 p.s.i.g.
930°F was put in hand. This plant for the Brimsdown A power
station consisted of two-cylinder units, a 20,000-kW primary turbine
and a 34,000-kW condensing turbine. Four years later similar plant
of 60,000 kW capacity was ordered for the Brimsdown B station.
In
the allied field of turbo blowers, machines of 50,000 c.f.m. capacity
were made with inlet and outlet casings of fabricated construction.
The same type of impeller construction was employed on three turbo
compressors ordered in 1932 for Russia, the largest unit having
nine stages and compressing 26,500 c.f.m. of free air to 100 p.s.i.g.
Manufacture of large fans began in the same year, and since then
radial flow fans with outputs up to 100,000 c.f.m. for discharge
pressures up to 20 inches s.w.g. have been made, and axial flow
fans with outputs up to 200,000 c.f.m. both single and multi stage.
For
marine propulsion four 27,000-s.hp geared turbines were built in
1937. These were a striking example of fabricated construction,
which extended to the low pressure cylinder casing, the condenser,
and the main part of the gear-case.
In an exhaust turbo-electric propulsion system developed in conjunction
with the Ellerman Line in 1930, the exhaust steam from the main
reciprocating engine was passed through a low pressure turbine,
where it expanded to a higher vacuum; this enabled the turbine to
drive a d.c. generator feeding a propeller motor, which supplemented
the power from the main engine. The first installation in the City
of Hong Kong and twelve more were made for the Ellerman Line, and
two equipments for the United Fruit Company; some of these are
still in service. The exhaust turbo-electric system enabled the
greatest possible use to be made of the steam and was technically
very successful. However, its high first cost and the obsolescence
of the reciprocating engine prevented it from being used further.
A turbine
application of historic interest came in 1935, when the L.M.S. express
locomotive No. 6202 was completed at Crewe. This was a turbine-driven
noncondensing locomotive having the novel feature of separate
forward and reverse turbines, which with triple reduction gears
and steam controls were made by M-V. The
locomotive had a maximum design speed of 90 m.p.h. with train loads
of 500 tons or more, and it has completed over 400,000 miles running,
mainly on the Euston-Liverpool express passenger service. Dynamometer
car tests over a 402-mile run from Euston to Glasgow showed that
the coal consumption per drawbar hp-hr of the turbine locomotive
was better than a standard Princess Royal engine, but its outstanding
quality is quiet smooth running and freedom from vibration.
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